Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 10 de 10
Filter
1.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 27(12): 4461-4466, Dec. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1404203

ABSTRACT

Resumo A tuberculose (TB) apresenta incidências elevadas em todo o mundo, sendo ainda mais grave em pessoas privadas de liberdade (PPL). Foi avaliada a completude das notificações de TB de PPL no SINAN realizadas por equipes de atenção primária prisional (eAPP) ou por outros estabelecimentos de saúde do RS. Estudo descritivo, transversal, utilizando dados de notificações de PPL feitas no SINAN TB pelas eAPP ou por outros estabelecimentos de saúde, de janeiro de 2014 a novembro de 2018. Foi analisado o percentual de completude das variáveis: sexo, raça/cor, escolaridade, HIV, tipo de entrada, baciloscopia de escarro, cultura do escarro, Aids, tratamento antirretroviral durante o tratamento para a TB, tratamento diretamente observado (TDO), baciloscopia de 6º mês e situação de encerramento. Praticamente 53% dos casos de TB em PPL foram notificados por eAPP, e 47,1% foram notificados por outros estabelecimentos de saúde. Oitenta por cento das variáveis foram classificadas na categoria 4 (75,1% a 100% de completude). No entanto, as variáveis TDO e baciloscopia de 6º mês foram classificadas na categoria 3 (50,1% e 75% de completude). Embora não comprometa a notificação da TB no SINAN, a ausência de dados pode prejudicar a qualidade das informações sobre a doença.


Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) has a high incidence in several countries and is even more severe in prisoners. We evaluated the completeness of prisoners TB notifications in the Notifiable Disease Information System (SINAN) carried out by prison primary care teams (eAPP) or by other health facilities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). This descriptive cross-sectional study used prisoners data notifications in the SINAN TB by the eAPP or other health facilities from January 2014 to November 2018. We analyzed the percentage of completeness of the variables: gender, ethnicity, schooling, HIV, entry type, sputum smear, sputum culture, AIDS, ART during TB treatment, directly observed treatment (DOT), sixth-month smear, and closure status. Around 52.9% of TB cases in prisoners were reported by eAPP, and other health facilities reported 47.1% of the cases. Eighty percent of the variables were classified in category 4 (75.1% to 100% completeness). However, the DOT and sixth-month smear variables were classified into category 3 (50.1% and 75% completeness). While it does not compromise the notification of TB in the SINAN, the lack of data can impair the quality of information about the disease.

2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 55: e0052, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406960

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Tuberculosis is a worldwide public health problem and is more prevalent in specific populations, such as prisoners. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and operational indicators of tuberculosis in prisoners in a southern region of Brazil. Methods: This was a descriptive, observational study, utilizing secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System on tuberculosis cases diagnosed in prisoners in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, from 2014 to 2018. Prisoner data used to calculate incidence were extracted from reports by the National Penitentiary Department. Results: From 2014 to 2018, 3,557 tuberculosis cases were reported in Rio Grande do Sul prisoners. The incidence rate of tuberculosis in prisoners was 1,235/100,000 individuals in 2014 and 1,430/100,000 individuals in 2018. The proportion of new TB cases tested for HIV was high, 83.4% in this period; among those tested, 12.9% were HIV coinfected. The proportion of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by laboratory criteria was 52.6% in this period. In total, 18.4% of new pulmonary tuberculosis cases were initiated on directly observed treatment in this period, and 36.4% of contacts of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with laboratory confirmation were examined. Among retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis cases, 82.4% were laboratory-confirmed. Conclusions: Tuberculosis incidence is increasing on a per-capita and absolute basis in Rio Grande do Sul. Laboratory confirmation, HIV testing, directly observed treatment, and contact investigation rates were all low, indicating the need to improve medical and public health measures for tuberculosis control in prisons.

3.
Clin. biomed. res ; 42(1): 33-38, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1391246

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Conhecer o perfil da população privada de liberdade da Penitenciária Modulada de Osório (PMO), do ponto de vista radiológico e estimar a prevalência da tuberculose ativa no presídio.Métodos: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de 677 radiografias de tórax obtidas para rastreio de tuberculose e de dados da ficha de atendimento do setor de Radiologia no período de julho a outubro de 2019.Resultados: Foram detectadas 150 radiografias alteradas, o que representa 22% dos 677 exames. Dos 150 exames alterados, 109 (16% do total e 72% dos alterados) apresentavam lesões com características de doença granulomatosa. Dos 677 pacientes, 11,5% referiram tratamento atual ou prévio para tuberculose e estes representam 38% dos casos com radiografias alteradas. Foram detectados 50 pacientes sem história prévia de tuberculose com lesões de aspecto muito provavelmente devido a tuberculose com características de doença ativa (7,3% do total), os quais foram encaminhados para investigação como casos novos. Em relação ao questionário aplicado, não foi observada diferença significativa entre os pacientes que referiam ou negavam tosse entre os com exames normais e alterados.Conclusões: Os indivíduos privados de liberdade apresentaram alta prevalência de alterações radiológicas com aspecto sugestivo de doença granulomatosa. Estes achados permitem inferir que na Penitenciária Modulada de Osório há elevada prevalência de tuberculose, provavelmente em níveis semelhantes a outras casas prisionais do Brasil.


Introduction: To determine the radiologic profile of 'the prisoners at Osório Modular Prison and estimate the prevalence of active tuberculosis in the institution.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 677 chest radiographs obtained for tuberculosis screening and data from the medical records of prisoners seen at the Radiology Department from July to October 2019.Results: Of 677 radiographs, 150 (22%) showed abnormalities. Of these, 109 (16% of total or 72% of abnormal radiographs) showed lesions characteristic of granulomatous disease. Of all 677 patients, 11.5% reported current or previous treatment of tuberculosis, accounting for 38% of all abnormal radiographs. Fifty patients with no previous history of tuberculosis had lesions that were most likely due to active tuberculosis (7.3% of total), and were referred for further investigation as new cases. The responses to the questionnaire revealed no significant difference between patients who reported or denied coughing when comparing those with normal vs abnormal radiographs.Conclusions: Individuals deprived of liberty had a high prevalence of radiologic abnormalities suggestive of granulomatous disease. These findings allow us to infer that there is a high prevalence of tuberculosis at Osório Modular Prison, probably at levels comparable to those of other prison facilities in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Young Adult , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Radiology/statistics & numerical data , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 112(4): 255-259, Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841784

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Porto Alegre is the Brazilian state capital with second highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and the highest proportion of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among patients with TB. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increases the risk of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity, which may result in discontinuation of the therapy. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was (i) to estimate prevalence of HCV and HIV in a group of patients newly diagnosed with active TB in a public reference hospital in Porto Alegre and (ii) to compare demographic, behavioural, and clinical characteristics of patients in relation to their HCV infection status. METHODS One hundred and thirty-eight patients with TB were tested for anti-HCV antibody, HCV RNA, and anti-HIV1/2 antibody markers. HCV RNA from real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive samples was submitted to reverse transcription and PCR amplification. The 5′ non-coding region of the HCV genome was sequenced, and genotypes of HCV isolates were determined. FINDINGS Anti-HCV antibody, HCV RNA, and anti-HIV antibodies were detected in 27 [20%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 13-26%], 17 (12%; 95% CI, 7-18%), and 34 (25%; 95% CI, 17-32%) patients, respectively. HCV isolates belonged to genotypes 1 (n = 12) and 3 (n = 4). Some characteristics were significantly more frequent in patients infected with HCV. Among them, non-white individuals, alcoholics, users of illicit drugs, imprisoned individuals, and those with history of previous TB episode were more commonly infected with HCV (p < 0.05). MAIN CONCLUSIONS HCV screening, including detection of anti-HCV antibody and HCV RNA, will be important to improving the management of co-infected patients, given their increased risk of developing TB treatment-related hepatotoxicity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , HIV Antibodies/blood , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Coinfection/diagnosis , Coinfection/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , RNA, Viral/blood , Polymerase Chain Reaction
5.
J. bras. pneumol ; 33(5): 572-578, set.-out. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467485

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores de risco para a recidiva da tuberculose. MÉTODOS: Estudou-se uma coorte de 610 pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar bacilífera inscritos para tratamento entre 1989 e 1994 e curados com o esquema contendo rifampicina, isoniazida e pirazinamida (RHZ). Avaliaram-se os seguintes fatores de risco: idade, sexo, cor, duração dos sintomas, cavitação das lesões, extensão da doença, diabetes melito, alcoolismo, infecção pelo HIV, negativação tardia do escarro, adesão ao tratamento e doses dos fármacos. Para detecção das recidivas, os pacientes foram seguidos por 7,7 ± 2,0 anos, após a cura, pelo sistema de informação da Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul. Nas análises utilizaram-se os testes t de Student, qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher e a regressão de Cox. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 26 recidivas (4,3 por cento), correspondendo a 0,55/100 pessoas-ano. A taxa de recidiva foi de 5,95 e 0,48/100 pessoas-ano, respectivamente, nos pacientes HIV-positivos e nos HIV-negativos (p < 0,0001). Na análise multivariada, a infecção pelo HIV [RR = 8,04 (IC95 por cento: 2,35-27,50); p = 0,001] e o uso irregular da medicação [RR = 6,43 (IC95 por cento: 2,02-20,44); p = 0,002] mostraram-se independentemente associados às recidivas. CONCLUSÕES: A recidiva da tuberculose foi mais freqüente nos pacientes HIV-positivos e naqueles que não aderiram ao tratamento auto-administrado (esquema-RHZ). Pacientes com pelo menos um destes fatores de risco poderão se beneficiar com a implantação de um sistema de vigilância pós-tratamento para detecção precoce de recidivas. Para prevenir a não-adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose, a alternativa seria a utilização de tratamento supervisionado.


OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for recurrence of tuberculosis. METHODS: We studied a cohort of 610 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis who were enrolled for treatment between 1989 and 1994 and cured using a three-drug treatment regimen of rifampin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide (RHZ). The risk factors studied were age, gender, race, duration of symptoms, lesion cavitation, extent of disease, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, HIV infection, delayed negative sputum conversion, treatment compliance, and medication doses. In order to detect recurrence, the patients were monitored through the Rio Grande do Sul State Healt Department Information System for 7.7 ± 2.0 years after cure. Data were analyzed using the Student's t-test, the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, and Cox regression models. RESULTS: There were 26 cases of recurrence (4.3 percent), which corresponds to 0.55/100 patients-year. The recurrence rate was 5.95 and 0.48/100 patients-year in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients, respectively (p < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, HIV infection [RR = 8.04 (95 percent CI: 2.35-27.50); p = 0.001] and noncompliance [RR = 6.43 (95 percent CI: 2.02-20.44); p = 0.002] proved to be independently associated with recurrence of tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrence of tuberculosis was more common in HIV-positive patients and in patients who did not comply with the self-administered treatment (RHZ regimen). Patients presenting at least one of these risk factors can benefit from the implementation of a post-treatment surveillance system for early detection of recurrence. An alternative to prevent noncompliance with tuberculosis treatment would be the use of supervised treatment.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , HIV Infections/complications , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/etiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil , Epidemiologic Methods , Isoniazid/therapeutic use , Pyrazinamide/therapeutic use , Recurrence , Rifampin/therapeutic use , Time Factors , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy
6.
J. bras. pneumol ; 33(4): 429-436, jul.-ago. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-466349

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever as diferenças na apresentação clínico-radiológica da tuberculose segundo a presença ou não de infecção por HIV. MÉTODOS: Examinou-se uma amostra consecutiva de 231 adultos com tuberculose pulmonar bacilífera internados em hospital de tisiologia. A presença de infecção por HIV, AIDS e fatores associados foi avaliada e as radiografias de tórax foram reinterpretadas. RESULTADOS: Havia 113 pacientes HIV-positivos (49 por cento). Estes pacientes apresentavam maior freqüência de tuberculose pulmonar atípica (lesões pulmonares associadas a linfonodomegalias intratorácicas), tuberculose de disseminação hemática e tuberculose pulmonar associada a linfonodomegalias superficiais e menor freqüência de lesões pulmonares escavadas do que os pacientes HIV-negativos. Isto também ocorreu entre os pacientes HIV-positivos com AIDS e os HIV-positivos sem AIDS. Não se observaram diferenças entre os pacientes HIV-positivos sem AIDS e os HIV-negativos. Os valores medianos de CD4 foram menores nos pacientes HIV-positivos com linfonodomegalias intratorácicas e lesões pulmonares em comparação aos com lesões pulmonares exclusivas (47 vs. 266 células/mm³; p < 0,0001), nos pacientes HIV-positivos com AIDS em comparação aos HIV-positivos sem AIDS (136 vs. 398 células/mm³; p < 0,0001) e nos pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar atípica em comparação aos com outros tipos de tuberculose (31 vs. 258 células/mm³; p < 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Há um predomínio de formas atípicas e doença disseminada entre pacientes com imunossupressão avançada. Em locais com alta prevalência de tuberculose, a presença de tuberculose pulmonar atípica ou de tuberculose pulmonar associada a linfonodomegalias superficiais é definidora de AIDS.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the differences in the clinical and radiological presentation of tuberculosis in the presence or absence of HIV infection. METHODS: A sample of 231 consecutive adults with active pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to a tuberculosis hospital were studied, assessing HIV infection, AIDS, and associated factors, as well as re-evaluating chest X-rays. RESULTS: There were 113 HIV-positive patients (49 percent) Comparing the 113 HIV-positive patients (49 percent) to the 118 HIV-negative patients (51 percent), the former presented a higher frequency of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary lesions accompanied by intrathoracic lymph node enlargement), hematogenous tuberculosis, and pulmonary tuberculosis accompanied by superficial lymph node enlargement, as well as presenting less pulmonary cavitation. The same was found when HIV-positive patients with AIDS were compared to those without AIDS. There were no differences between the HIV-positive patients without AIDS and the HIV-negative patients. Median CD4 counts were lower in HIV-positive patients with intrathoracic lymph node enlargement and pulmonary lesions than in the HIV-positive patients with pulmonary lesions only (47 vs. 266 cells/mm³; p < 0.0001), in HIV-positive patients with AIDS than in those without AIDS (136 vs. 398 cells/mm³; p < 0.0001) and in patients with atypical pulmonary tuberculosis than in those with other forms of tuberculosis (31 vs. 258 cells/mm³; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Atypical forms and disseminated disease predominate among patients with advanced immunosuppression. In regions where TB prevalence is high, the presence of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis or pulmonary tuberculosis accompanied by superficial lymph node enlargement should be considered an AIDS-defining condition.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Epidemiologic Methods , HIV Infections , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous , Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Lymph Node , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
7.
Saúde (Santa Maria) ; 16(1/2): 15-22, jan.-jun. 1990. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-120696

ABSTRACT

Um estudo retrospectivo foi feito utilizando as secçöes histológicas de 22 nefrectomias totais por carcinoma de células renais, retiradas dos arquivos do Laboratório de Patologia do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria. Em virtude dos registros clínicos serem muito incompletos, näo foi possível obter informaçöes sobre a apresentaçäo clínica à época do diagnóstico sobre a terapêutica, a presença de doença metastática, a data e o tipo de morte. Os relatos de patologia também eram muito incompletos e importantes aspectos macroscópicos dos espécimes cirúrgicos näo estavam disponíveis. Em todos os casos, entretanto, foi possível analisar os achados histológicos mais importantes para a avaliaçäo prognóstica, como o tipo celular, o padräo histológico e os graus histológico e nuclear. É importante que as nossas equipes cirúrgicas e mesmo os nossos patologistas se convençam da importância de fornecerem relatos clínicos e patológicos com todas as informaçöes que possam ter interesse prognóstico. Já que esses relatos säo a única fonte de informaçäo que temos sobre os pacientes, sem eles o exame histológico torna-se um trabalho dispendioso e fútil


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis
8.
J. bras. ginecol ; 99(5): 207-10, maio 1989. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-88824

ABSTRACT

Após revisar as secçöes histológicas originais de 149 casos de espécimes cirúrgicos de lesöes mamárias em pacientes com menos de 35 anos de idade, os diagnósticos foram reavalidados em cada caso e agrupados em uma das seguintes categorias: fibrodenoma, ANDI, condiçäo fibrocística, carcinoma e miscelânea. Comenta-se o uso liberal de algumas categorias diagnósticas e conclui-se que a melhor é descrever as alteraçöes histológicas e näo agrupa-las em uam categoria diagnóstica


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Female , Fibrocystic Breast Disease/diagnosis , Breast Diseases/diagnosis
9.
Rev. bras. cir ; 78(4): 217-9, jul.-ago. 1988. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-73303

ABSTRACT

É apresentado um caso de pseudotumor inflamatório (pólipo fibróide inflamatório) causando intussuscepçäo íleo-cecal. Os principais achados concernentes a ocorrência, natureza, histogênese e patologia dessa lesäo incomum säo revisados


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Female , Fibroma , Ileum , Polyps/diagnosis , Cholecystectomy , Laparotomy , Polyps/surgery
10.
J. bras. ginecol ; 98(4): 203-5, abr. 1988. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-60818

ABSTRACT

Säo relatados os achados clínicos e patológicos de um caso de papilomatose juvenil (PJ), em uma mulher de 19 anos. Uma tumoraçäo foi removida de sua mama direita durante de reduçäo mamária bilateral e o exame microscópico mostrou os achados histológicos característicos de PJ, com hiperplasia acinar severa. O tecido mamário removido durante a cirurgia cosmética era normal. Em sua história familiar havia um caso de câncer da mama em avó paterna


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Papilloma/pathology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL